Culture
True story behind "The Three Body Problem"
In this episode of Sexy Chinese History, Mei explores the historical context behind the Netflix adaptation of 'The Three Body Problem.' She delves into the Cultural Revolution's impact ...
True story behind "The Three Body Problem"
Culture •
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Interactive Transcript
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Hey there, welcome to sexy Chinese history with me, Mei.
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Today I wanted to do some in-depth historic research
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into the latest show for sci-fi enthusiasts,
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the Netflix adaptation of the novel senti,
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the three-body problem.
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I really wanted to better understand
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what is going on in this Netflix series.
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I've watched lots of great reviews on this show,
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so I'm looking at it from a Chinese historic perspective
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and diving into a bit of detail today with you guys.
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This Netflix adaptation of the three-body problem
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has two distinct narrative threads,
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and the main storyline is set in the present day
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and is relatively easy to understand.
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I see most discussions about the series
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or about the storyline, so however,
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the other narrative thread intertwines
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with the memories of one of the main characters,
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Ye Wenzhye.
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And since my channel is about sexy Chinese history,
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I wanted to dive deep into this storyline
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and see how it corresponds with history.
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There's so much real history intertwined in the story.
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I feel like with background knowledge,
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this sci-fi plot suddenly becomes more realistic to me.
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Why would one be so traumatized
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to want to call aliens in the first place?
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The show begins with a scientist Ye Joah Thai
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being publicly criticized and brutally beaten
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and eventually killed by a group of students.
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This experience leads to his daughter, Ye Wenzhye's involvement
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in the Red Coast project
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and her subsequent contact with aliens.
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Questions started to flood into my mind.
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Why were people in China cursing Einstein at the time?
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Why was the Big Bang theory considered entirely wrong
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by the Chinese in the 60s?
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And what exactly was the purpose of the Red Coast project?
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And this episode contains spoilers, so watch with caution.
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First, a quick narration of the plot of the Three Body Problem.
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The background behind Ye Wenzhye, the main character,
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combined with some historical data,
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definitely brought some historical truths to this show,
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which were really cool.
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In the start of the series,
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a struggle session scene is depicted.
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Students were verbally humiliating and violently attacking
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and then using a belt to fairly beat the Qinghai university physicist Ye Joah Thai.
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The dialogue between the Red Guards and Ye Joah Thai
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during this struggle session is also profoundly shocking.
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Among these lines, concepts like relativity and the Big Bang
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and the scientists like Einstein became taboos
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and young Red Guards were accusing the professor
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of adding now taboo Einstein's relativity theory
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to his curriculum syllabus as if this is a problem.
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So why would it be a problem?
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Why could one pay for their life with teaching a literal theory?
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And how did the distortion of such truth as this one come about?
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So the first five minutes of the show actually contain a significant historical backdrop
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that continues to influence modern China to this day.
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The decade-long historic period of the cultural revolution.
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Now most people have a basic knowledge of what happened
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during cultural revolution.
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So I just want to review some parts that are relevant
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to this show, the Three Body Problem in particular.
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Now when we look into the history of China's establishment,
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we find that since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949,
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there has been much discussion about ideology.
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As a socialist country that adheres to communism,
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there is a natural resistance to anything related to capitalism.
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Communism follows Marx's class struggle theory
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to give an example of what these theories actually mean.
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In the eyes of the Chinese people at the time,
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the United States as a country was based on capitalism
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and seen as very evil.
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But in their narratives, the American people were not at fault to these evils.
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The fault was in the American capitalists themselves,
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oppressing their people and leading the people to live in miserable capital conditions,
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capitalist conditions.
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Therefore, during China's establishment,
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public propaganda often included similar descriptions.
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Imperialist America has many capitalists
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who make the American people live in dire straits.
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We need to defeat imperialist America and save the American people.
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Around 1966, discussions about ideology reached a new height,
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coinciding with frequent political struggles at the top levels.
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The beginning of the Cultural Revolution in 1966
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can be traced to back to a speech made by Chairman Mao.
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Now in this speech, Chairman Mao criticized bourgeois ideology
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within the Chinese Communist Party
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and called for a revolution to eliminate the influence of these bourgeois elements.
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This speech can be seen as the official start of the Cultural Revolution.
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Now in early 1966, he encouraged young students to form
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bread guards and engage in struggles against authorities and schools.
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Government institutions and even society at large.
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So this led to a series of political upheavals,
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social chaos and violent incidents, which were quite scary.
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Teachers out there, okay, imagine all the students
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who you once gave a bad grade to, who hate you,
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and are allowed to do anything they want to you.
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There are infinite chances for disaster here.
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I remember a high school teacher who gave me a B
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in some meaningless lecture course,
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and there was literally no final exam in this class.
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So there was no reason for me to get a B
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if I attended every class.
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When I asked her why I got a B,
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she couldn't even tell me.
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She just said, I guess you deserved it.
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Now imagine if I was allowed to use my teenage P
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bringing to teach her a lesson at the time.
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I think lots of teachers would rethink giving out Bs.
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I'm going to stop rambling about Bs
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and back to the more important plot at hand.
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Chairman Mao's wife,
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Demting and other politicians.
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They launched a widespread campaign
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calling people to criticize the bourgeois
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and criticize the old ideas,
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including criticizing scientists.
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So the fate of intellectuals,
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including university professors
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during the Cultural Revolution was very unfortunate.
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At the time, intellectuals generally came from
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relatively well-off families and had some exposure
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to Western knowledge.
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They might have even studied abroad.
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This went against China's opposition to capitalism.
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So during the Cultural Revolution,
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five categories of people were labeled as bad people.
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A bottom up here.
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These bad people, okay, they included landlords,
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rich presence,
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and anyways, all these people were portrayed
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in the three-body problem.
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Yeah, Jo Tai, a senior intellectual at the time,
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naturally became a prime target of the attack.
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In China at the time, there was a well-known slogan,
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the more knowledge, the more anti-revolutionary.
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Meaning the smartest people are the worst people.
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Numerous scientists were implicated as a result
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of this Cultural Revolution.
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And of course, there were smart people
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that skipped persecution,
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but they had to have really good politics,
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maybe good connections and good friends.
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And the backdrop of the first scene
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in the three-body problem actually takes place
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inside Tsinghua University in 1966.
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Credit must be given, I think,
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to the production team for their accuracy.
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I live very close and I'm quite familiar
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with Tsinghua University myself.
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I've been there a bunch of times.
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And here I'll share some stills and comparisons
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between the scenes from the movie
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and the real-life locations
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near the main building of Tsinghua University.
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I believe this adaptation of the three-body problem
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recreated this scene 100% as it was in the 60s.
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Tsinghua University was one of the most famous locations
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of the Cultural Revolution.
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This was the university that saw the birth
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of the first Red Guard organization.
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And as the top university at the time,
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students were ideologically aligned
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with Chairman Mao's principles.
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So their goal was to overthrow the bourgeois
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hidden in the school.
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And the larger scale Red Guard activities
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spread from Tsinghua University
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to other schools around China at the time.
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Tsinghua University also witnessed
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the memorable historical struggle session.
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So Chairman Mao and his wife were enemies
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with the president of China and his wife.
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These were two different factions of people.
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Chairman Mao's wife was said to be envious
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of the president's wife and her beauty.
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And it was said Chairman's Mao wife
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was jealous of her intellect.
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So to defeat Mao and his wife's
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conman, enemy, Mrs Mao held a struggle session
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at the same place where Yejotai was beaten to death.
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And since this first lady, this president's wife,
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was from a bourgeois family and liked to wear shiny jewelry,
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Mrs Mao made her wear a necklace made of pink tong balls,
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while humiliating her simultaneously.
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St. Simultaneously.
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We see Yejotai in the TV series,
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a physics professor at Tsinghua University.
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He was hauled out and criticized by his students
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for teaching Einstein theory of relativity in class.
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Many might find this absurd plotline a bit puzzling
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because if you don't know the history, it is.
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In fact, this scenario of publicly criticizing
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relativity theory actually has true historical roots.
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Now, the first criticism was of Einstein himself.
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Remember what I said about China's number one enemy
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at the time, the USA?
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Oh, and Einstein as a Jew left his home country of Germany
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for the corrupt capitalist country of America at the time,
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who was said to be hurting its people.
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Now, the movement to criticize relativity theory
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was initiated by the Chinese Academy of Science
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and the National Research Institution of China at the time.
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These two institutions wanted to criticize it
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and the three body problem draws inspiration
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from real historically events.
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Back then, the scientists who initiated the criticism
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of relativity theory believed that one of the most significant obstacles
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to scientific progress is the serious errors
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in Einstein theory of relativity.
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They advocated for using Chairman Mouth
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thought as a weapon to criticize relativity theory
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and revolutionize its fate.
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Moreover, the Chinese Academy of Sciences
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even organized study courses specifically aimed
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at criticizing relativity theory from Einstein
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after verbally attacking Yijitai,
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a female red guard personally beat her teacher to death with a belt.
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And guess what?
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The horror and violent scene in the three body problem
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where students beat their teacher to death
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actually has real life prototypes.
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Chairman Mouth met with representatives of the red guard
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six times during cultural revolution.
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And among them, one of the most iconic photos
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is that of Chairman Mouth meeting with this girl
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wearing glasses in this picture.
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Song Mingbin, that's her name.
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And they met at Tiananmen Square.
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This event took place on August 8th, 1966.
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Upon meeting her, Chairman Mouth found out
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Song Mingbin's name.
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Song Mingbin's name means polite and courteous.
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And he told her to change her name to Yao Wu,
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which means to use force.
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And this young girl's ability to receive an audience
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with the leader largely was due to her prominent family background.
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So much for letting go of old customs
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and her father was a general who served under Mao
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and had participated in numerous wars
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during the establishment of the People's Republic of China.
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So a war hero.
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In fact, on August 5th, 1966,
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three days before being received by Chairman Mouth,
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Song Mingbin had already fulfilled her name
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that Chairman Mouth was going to give her.
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She had already used force.
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As a high school student in an all-girl school,
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during the struggle session against school teachers,
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she beat the school principal,
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Tian Zhonggong, to death.
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And this teacher was the first educational worker
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in Beijing to be killed during the Cultural Revolution.
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The irony is the girl who killed her teacher
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in the name of communism, Song Mingbin.
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She later immigrated to the United States in 1980s
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after the Cultural Revolution.
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She also worked as an environmental analyst
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for the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection.
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And once even more terrifying than this fatal beating
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is the torture endured by the victim.
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The teacher in the teacher, Tian Zhonggong's own account
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before her death, she describes as follows.
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Under the frenzied emotions of the crowd,
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I was tortured and fermented for full five hours,
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wearing a tall hat and bowing my head,
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kneeling as a punishment, being punched, kicked, choked,
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hands bound with ropes,
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band-edded in the back with two rifles,
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used in militia training,
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having mud stuffed into my mouth, smeared on my face,
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and being spout all over my face and body.
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Compared to the really events of the TV series,
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the three-body problem only depicts a portion of the brutality
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of this student movement,
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focusing on one particular action by Yejodh Hian stage,
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this jet maneuver.
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Now, the jet maneuver was a famous gesture
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during the struggle sessions at the time.
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It involved forcefully twisting the head, neck, and back of the victim,
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making their upper and lower limbs form a 90-degree angle.
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Or even more severe, extending the victim's arms backward and upward
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or to the side, resembling the wings of a jet aircraft.
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It was thus named after the jet aircraft.
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This aspect of the production team by the three-body problem
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has done a great and commendable job
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in accurately depicting the scene from that kind of struggle session.
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Teachers were not the only group affected by this movement.
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In fact, the conflicts among young red guards themselves
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were the main cause of most casualties.
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However, in the three-body problem, the TV series,
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the storyline is omitted.
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Now, in the book Yewintia's sister actually joins the red guard
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and dies in a conflict between competing red guard factions.
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During the Cultural Revolution,
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the red guard groups could generally be divided into two factions.
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While both claimed loyalty to Chairman Mao,
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they had fundamentally different ideologies.
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One faction was known as the establishment faction,
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or the loyalists.
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They were mainly comprised of students from relatively well-off families.
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They believed in the theory of bloodline inheritance,
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arguing that children would inherit the thoughts of their parents.
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Therefore, if someone's parents were deemed bad,
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then their children must be bad as well.
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The other faction was known as the rebel faction.
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It was a larger group composed of mainly workers.
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They didn't have privileged family backgrounds,
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and their demands were to carry the revolution out to the end,
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following Chairman Mao's directives to overthrow the authorities.
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The conflicts between these two factions were irreconciable.
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Although red guards initially consisted of mainly young students loyal
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to the establishment at the time,
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at the beginning of the Cultural Revolution,
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the rebel faction soon became the dominant force due to the sheer number
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of ordinary workers in this faction.
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The relationship between the two factions
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became extremely tense,
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and physical confrontations were really common.
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In many parts of China, the red guard groups from both factions
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would raid military arsenals and seize firearms in the ammunition.
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The conflicts between the red guards escalated,
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from using weapons such as knives and rods,
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to fight, and then turned into stealing guns and
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became a warfare literally on the streets with firearms.
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Basically, these two factions were just killing each other on the street
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with no particular goal in mind other than pure violence.
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After witnessing her father, Yijia Tai being fatally beaten by students at school,
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Yohen-Jia was profoundly shaken.
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At this point, she goes to Anarongolia to participate in the red coast plan.
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Now, this aspect of the plot may be perplexing if you don't understand the background.
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Why would a university student run to a distant Anarongolia instead of staying in Beijing?
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Now, in reality, this situation is steeped in a significant historical context.
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After the onset of the Cultural Revolution in China,
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all the universities were essentially shut down, no school.
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And the National College entrance examination was completely cancelled.
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No courses were taught in schools, schools were just not running at all.
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And university students found themselves in a state of unemployment.
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They had nothing to do.
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As time went on, an increasing number of university students in this unemployed state,
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this became a source of social instability.
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So internationally, aside from the United States, China's relations with the Soviet Union,
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another communist country at the time was also tense and shaky.
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They had ideological disputes.
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So the Soviet Union even threatened China with nuclear bombs at one time.
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Now, to address the internal issue in China of the university students running around
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fighting each other and the threats from outside China, from the United States and the Soviet Union,
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the Chinese government decided to launch a movement called
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going up to the mountains and down to the countryside.
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This movement aimed to send urban university students to remote mountainous areas
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to receive education from farmers.
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Now, rather than studying textbook knowledge in schools,
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Yohensia at the time was also part of this movement,
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heading to the relatively desolate Intermongolian lands.
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A lot of people actually over the age of 60 in China now were witnesses to this part of history.
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The TV series also portrays a puzzling aspect where Yohensia faces interrogation by soldiers.
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Because she was reading English books.
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Now, a significant question arises, why would there be so many soldiers stationed
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and managing affairs in remote rural areas?
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In reality, there's an implicit background here, which is the system of Chinese production
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and construction corps, CPCC.
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Now, this was a unique system established in the early days of China.
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When the people's Republic of China was first established,
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way back when they had just wrapped up a civil war.
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And after years of war, China had 5.5 million regular troops and over 100 million
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militia members within its borders.
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So while the population at the time was only 500 millions, this means that 1% of the total
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population was military personnel and 20% of the population had undergone military training
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at the time. That was a lot of military training.
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In light of the massive proportion of military personnel relative to the total population
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and the enormous military expenditure, China this time adopted a system of military
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management known as the production and construction corps, CPCC.
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In many border provinces of China, such as the borders of Xinjiang,
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Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, they had vast and uninhabited areas.
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And the military function as an actual administrator in these areas.
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Though they were soldiers, their primary tasks involved construction work.
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So for example, in the Xinjiang Mountains region where Yeo-Ntia in the story was located,
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although everyone was in the military, their main duty was for a street work.
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Additionally, during this time, most border cities were unnamed and instead identified solely by
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the codes of the military unit station there.
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In 1969, Yeo-Ntia's life took a major turn after being reported by her lover for reading
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English books. She was given the opportunity to participate in the Red Coast Plan,
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a project aimed at sending signals to extraterrestrial civilizations to redeem herself.
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However, did the Red Coast Plan truly exist in history?
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Actually, during the same period in China, there were indeed similar grandiose projects,
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which is really interesting, so this is based on history here.
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During the 1960s and 70s, the Chinese government undertook a series of scientific and military projects,
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including those in the fields of astronomy, aerospace, and nuclear weapons.
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And some of these projects, they may have been related to extraterrestrial signals.
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Now, while the specific details and names might not exactly match those in the three-body problem,
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they have provided a historical background and possibility for the novel's plot, which was
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really cool. Therefore, although the Red Coast Plan may not have directly existed in reality,
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it's setting aligns with the technological development situation in China at the time.
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As the primary adversary of China at the time, a significant event that influenced
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history also occurred in the United States in 1969. On July 20th, 1969,
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we all know Apollo 11 spacecraft, the Lunar Module successfully landed on the moon,
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and over six hours later, Neil Armstrong stepped out onto the lunar surface, leaving behind
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the first human footprint on a celestial body beyond Earth.
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And he famously declared that one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.
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Meanwhile, in China, the Cultural Revolution continued to escalate.
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Its escalation, of course, was impeding the progress of the aerospace industry.
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In fact, the previous year in 1968, Yautong Binh, the director of the Rocket Metal Materials Institute,
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he was an expert who studied in Germany, and he was beaten to death during factional struggles.
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The news of the American moon landing achievement was only accessible to the top leadership in China.
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The general public remained unaware of this information.
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However, the news of the US moon landing sparked significant repercussions among the Chinese leadership.
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This was because, ideologically, it was necessary to demonstrate the superiority of socialism
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over American capitalism. So just five days after the moon landing, Chinese premier Joe and
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Leigh issued a directive to Shanghai expatriates to establish multiple aerospace research bases.
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Interestingly, this coincided with the timeline of the Red Coast project,
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in which Yo-N-Jie was involved in 1969. So the author really did his homework.
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Now, unlike the storyline in the drama that involves contact with extraterrestrial beings,
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the focus of China's aerospace efforts at the time was on studying the Apollo, Lunar,
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module, and developing launch vehicles and satellites. In July 1970, Mao's
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personally, in July 1970, Mao personally approved of the initiation of the Shuangguang Man's
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spacecraft program. Its design was largely based on the configuration of the American Genomized
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spacecraft. Gemini, the American Gemini spacecraft, and this ultimately, though, ended in failure.
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Now, in the three-body problem, the Red Coast Plan presents an alternative ending.
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The transformation of Yo-N-Jie in the novel is a process of profound complexity and death.
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China goes numerous trials and transformations of the soul, evolving from an ordinary person,
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deeply tormented by suffering and fear, into a character with extreme views and actions.
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First off, during the Cultural Revolution, Yo-N-Jie witnessed her father, Ye Jiutai,
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being beaten to death by students, which inflicted a profound shock and trauma upon her psyche.
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Some as a coiloly, Yo-N-Jieut participated in the Red Coast Plan, which made her the representative
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of humanity in contact with extraterrestrial civilizations. And through contact with the
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Tristle Lair and Civilization, she perceived the insignificance and fragility of the human
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civilization, as well as the profound understanding of the universe and powerful technology
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possessed by extraterrestrial civilizations. This experience led her to develop skepticism and
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discontent towards the current state of human society, believing it to be riddled with contradictions
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and unsolved problems. Finally, through contact with the Tristle Lair and Civilization,
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Yo-N-Jieut she accepted the viewpoint of the Dark Forest Law, which believes that the
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universe is a Dark Forest, where all civilizations compete to survive in a state of constant
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destruction. And therefore, they must maintain silence and concealment to avoid detection by
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other civilizations. She believed the human society should also remain silent and concealed
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like the Tristle Lair and Civilization, to avoid being attacked by extraterrestrial civilizations.
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Overall, Yo-N-Jieut's transformation in the Three Body Problem is the journey from a victim
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to an extreme activist, and her thoughts and actions are deeply influenced by external circumstances
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and personal experiences showcasing the complexity and diversity of human nature. If you saw your
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father beaten to death for believing in scientific truths, what would you do? Would you lose faith
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in the fact aliens because of that loss of faith? I honestly think that after learning the history
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of this behind this book, it actually makes this book more possible, more than just sci-fi. It actually
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feels like it could be possible that Yo-N-Jieut was a real person who reached out to extraterrestrial
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life, and that there is a possibility that they will be coming for us soon. I don't know. What do
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you guys think of the TV show and the book and maybe about the stories that I just explained?
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I really want to hear your comments in the comment section below, and I'll see you next time. Bye!